Operational amplifiers (commonly called op amps) are a ubiquitous building block for designing electronic circuits. Today, these devices are fabricated as small integrated circuits, but the concept ...

The unity-gain op amp (operational amplifier) buffer circuit is routinely used to transform high-impedance inputs into low-impedance outputs. ADC (analog-to-digital converter) voltage references are ...

When used with other blocks and modules, a new approach to modeling operational-amplifier output impedance behavior can provide a more realistic overall behavioral model. Simulating the behavior of a ...