The electrical potential across the bacterial cell envelope indicates when bacteria no longer operate as individual cells but as a collective. Researchers at the University of Cologne's Institute for ...

The electrical potential across the bacterial cell envelope indicates when bacteria no longer operate as individual cells but as a collective. Researchers have discovered this connection between the ...

Plasma irradiation leads not only active species, but also reactive chemical species, ultraviolet light, electric fields, magnetic fields, and shock waves. To date the effects of reactive chemical ...

How does the myocardial cell (heart) generate surface potential difference and ECG during electrical activity? That has been bothering us. Depending on the rate and method of ion diffusion in the ...

Zeta potential is a key indicator of the stability of colloidal dispersions and nanoparticle suspensions. It measures the electrical potential difference between the bulk of the liquid and the ...