Starfish (aka sea stars) are master climbers. These many-armed invertebrates traverse vertical, horizontal, and even upside-down surfaces: it seems no substrate is too rocky, slimy, sandy, or glassy.

Amphibious fish have evolved a remarkable suite of locomotory strategies that enable them to navigate both aquatic and terrestrial environments. These species exhibit a range of adaptations—from ...

Arboreal frogs navigate complex environments and face diverse mechanical properties within their physical environment. Such frogs may encounter substrates that are damped and absorb energy or are ...