The paper reports on the work recently done for optimizing the Lambda-Sensor. As a result of this work the sensor of the latest design is an Y₂0₃-stabilized Zr0₂-sensor whose temperature response is ...

In 1976 Volvo Cars presented a world first in the environmental area – the three-way catalytic converter with Lambda sensor for exhaust emission control. Today, 30 years later, virtually all ...

Smoke and particulate emissions have also come under scrutiny. Currently, vehicles rely on an electrochemical oxygen detector, known as a Lambda sensor, to regulate emission. Pollution is minimized ...