European leaders said they had agreed on Monday any decisions on potential Ukrainian territorial concessions to Russia could only be made once robust security guarantees

President Trump’s peace envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner signed onto a five-point plan with European leaders in Paris Tuesday to enhance “security guarantees” for Ukraine.

An explicit commitment that Washington would backstop Kyiv was scrapped in the leaders’ final joint statement.

In the meeting of the ‘Coalition of the Willing’ next week, European partners will make commitments to Ukraine’s security from Russia in case of any agreement that ends the ongoing war, French President Emmanuel Macron has announced.

Russia has branded Ukraine and its allies an "axis of war," calling the proposed peacekeeping force deployments plan "dangerous" and "destructive". Moscow warned that any such troops would be considered legitimate military targets.

A UN-backed peacekeeping force in Ukraine would not only fail to deter Russia but also legitimize its illegal territorial conquests.

President Volodymyr Zelensky arrived in Paris on Tuesday for a meeting of Kyiv’s allies to discuss security guarantees for Ukraine in the event of a ceasefire with Russia. Around 35 countries are expected to take part in the summit,

The idea is being led by the UK and France, two of the most powerful militaries in Europe, but questions remain over who else could be involved. What about Germany, Poland and Italy?