Rothamsted Research scientists are confirming that the long-term application of fertilisers can help to boost soil carbon ...

A new JSTAT study shows how to compute the minimum energy cells use to sustain certain metabolic pathways while suppressing ...

Living cells pay a hidden energy price not just to run chemical reactions, but to keep them on track and block all the ...

There are “costs of life” that mechanical physics cannot calculate. A clear example is the energy required to keep specific ...

Single-celled algae in the ocean known as coccolithophores play an important role in the marine carbon cycle when they take ...