The roles of NGOs in protecting human rights in India are multifaceted, encompassing advocacy, direct support services, policy reform, and education. Together with human rights education initiatives, ...

India has established a comprehensive legal framework aimed at protecting the human rights of women, addressing various forms of discrimination and violence. This framework is rooted in the ...

Minority rights in India are primarily enshrined in the Constitution and are aimed at protecting the cultural, religious, and educational interests of minority communities. The legal framework ...

An integrated approach is essential for an effective criminal justice system. By combining insights from criminology, penology, and victimology, a holistic approach to addressing crime can be ...

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) serves as the secretariat for the Human Rights Council. 2) Security Council: The Security Council has the primary responsibility for ...

In India, individuals whose human rights have been violated have several avenues for legal recourse under constitutional law, statutory law, and tort law. The Indian judiciary, particularly the ...

Absence of Strong Legislation: India lacks specific anti-torture legislation and has not criminalized custodial violence. The state has resisted enacting a law, claiming that existing domestic legal ...

The move towards these alternatives signifies a shift towards reformative justice, though the new laws largely retain the punitive character of the criminal justice system. These alternatives aim to ...

The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, represents a progressive approach to criminal justice in India [1]. By prioritizing rehabilitation and social reintegration, the Act seeks to transform offenders ...

In India, a pre-sentence hearing is a crucial stage in criminal proceedings that takes place after a conviction but before the sentence is pronounced. This hearing allows the convicted individual to ...

Legal literacy involves awareness and understanding of laws, legal rights, and how the legal system functions, empowering citizens to seek justice and understand their rights. Recent reforms in the ...

Case law, also known as judicial precedent, is a critical component of the legal system. It comprises laws established through judges' decisions, evolving as judges interpret and apply existing laws ...