The War That Nearly Destroyed Germany The Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. What began as a religious dispute inside the Holy Roman Empire quickly escalated into a continental power struggle involving Sweden, France, Spain, and the Habsburg dynasty. Triggered by the Defenestration of Prague, the war devastated German territories, with some regions losing up to a third of their population. Cities were destroyed, economies collapsed, and i

Peace of Westphalia: New Nations and Religious Freedom #europeanhistory #epichistory #history

The Westphalian Echoes A Treaty That Reshaped the World

The Westphalian Moment: Sovereignty Reframed